Human parasites

Many people leading a healthy lifestyle have disorders of health due to the presence of parasites.Highlighting the body (proper nutrition, physical exercises, hardening procedures) without eliminating the body from parasites does not give a pronounced positive effect.According to the World Health Organization, helminths are localized not only in the gastrointestinal tract, but also in the vital organs: brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys.Helminths in the processes of their life distinguish special substances - toxins that are strong poisons and allergens.It is the simplest, fungi and helminths that are the trigger mechanism for many chronic diseases: cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, colitis, diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis.

Chronic fatigue, irritability and anxiety, hyperactivity in children, anemia, brittle nails and hair, problem skin, headaches, appetite disorders, reduction of immunity - these can be the signals of the current disease.With a long stay of parasites in the human body, the immune system suffers greatly.In the process of constant struggle with foreign antibodies, it comes to exhaustion, that is, the development of secondary immunodeficiency.The disease with parasites leads to hypovitaminosis, depletion of microelements: potassium, copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, magnesium, silicon;Violation of hematopoiesis, hormonal failure, vascular permeability is violated, protection against cancer of the body suffers.

For millennia, people, mainly plant food, received antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antiviral natural active substances with it.A decrease in the consumption of wild plants, fruits, berries, replacement of their vegetables and fruits, thermal and industrial treatment led to a decrease in the consumption of natural volatile and antibiotics.As a result, a person became easy prey for many microorganisms.The intensive development of the drug industry that produces antibiotics led to a decrease in immunity.

Determination of parasites

Parasites (from the Greek. Parasitos - an overlap, a parasite) - lower plant and animal organisms living outside or inside another organism (owner) and eat at his expense.Parasites arose in the process of historical development of organisms from freely living forms.Their adaptation to certain conditions of life entailed the simplification of their organization, the development of special fixation organs, increased development of the genital organs, breathing, which makes it possible to exist in an impassive environment.Parasites include many helminths, fungi, viruses, protozoa, worms, crustaceans, spider -shaped, insects.The owners of parasites can be bacteria, simplest, plants, animals and humans.Parasites undergo a complex development cycle: sometimes they need a change of 2-3 owners whose body is intermediate (helminths pass the larval stages) or final (helminths become mature, invasive).Parasites cause the weakening and depletion of the host body, cause a number of diseases.

Helminants can parasitize in all tissues and organs of a person, but the most common place of their localization is the food tract.Bull and pork tapeworm, a wide tape are fixed in the upper small intestine, also parasitizes ascaris.The dwarf tabbell is mainly localized in the lower third of the small intestine, the Vlasovs - in the large intestine, opistorchis - in the bile passages of the liver and the ducts of the pancreas, the pinworms - in the lower parts of the thin and in all parts of the large intestine.Thus, the distribution of different types of helminths along the digestive tract in search of the most favorable living conditions provides them with individual survival, and creates the conditions for the development of several types in the body of one person.

Classification

By distribution:

• Ubiquette - meet everywhere.
• Tropical - distributed in tropical climatic zones.

According to biological and epidemiological features: Geohelminths - a disease in which helminths first develop in the human body, and then on a non -living substrate, more often in the ground.Biohelminths is a disease in which a biological cycle of helminth development is necessarily taking place in the body of other living beings, except for a person.Distinguish between the final owners, in the body of which helminths develop to the sexually mature stage, as well as intermediate ones, where the parasite is in the stage of the larva or its reproduction is not sexually.A person is more often the final host, less often - intermediate. Connection helminthiasis is a disease in which parasites are distinguished from the human body with mature or almost mature, as a result of which the infection of another person is possible or re -infection of his own.

Depending on the localization of the parasite in the body: educational - living in the intestinal cavity and other cavities of a person (for example, ascarides, tape) and tissue - living in the tissues.

At the place of stay on the owner:

• External (mosquitoes, blinds, leeches, lice).
• Internal (helminthiasis):
• Round worms (nematodes - ascarides, Vlasov, pinworms, strungyloids);
• Flat worms:
• trematodes (saucers - cat bickelter, schistosomes);
• Cestodes (ribbon worms - bull and pork tapeworm, dwarf tabbell, wide tape, echinococcus).
• Bacteriosis (staphylococcus, streptococcus).
• Protosis (amoebas, lamblia, trichomonas, often the owners of chlamydia and AIDS virus).
• Mycoses (fungal diseases) -for example, candida.

How parasites adapt

• a long life expectancy (helminths live in the body for years, and sometimes as much as the owner of the parasite lives);
• the ability to suppress or modify the immune response of the host body (an immunodeficiency state arises, conditions are created for the penetration of pathogenic agents from the outside, as well as to revive the internal foci of infection);
• Many types of helminths, getting into the digestive tract, distinguish anti -enzymes, which saves them from death;The digestion process is disturbed, toxic-allergic reactions that are different in gravity appear: urticaria, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis;
• Stage of development (egg, larva, change of owners);
• the ability of eggs for years to persist in the external environment;
• sexual reproduction in which genetic information is exchangeing, and this is the highest stage of development, leading to an increase in the heterogeneous population, that is, parasites become less vulnerable;
• the absence of immunoprophylaxis methods, since the immune response is weak and unstable;
• Helminth widespread, many habitats (water, soil, air, plants and animals).

How parasites enter the body

You can get infected not only through dirty hands.Animal hair is a carrier of worms (ascaride), lamblia.Eggs of pinworms that have fallen from wool remain viability for up to 6 months and through dust, toys, carpets, underwear and bedding and hands fall into the food tract.The dog through wet breathing disperses the eggs at a distance of 5 meters (cat - up to 3 meters).Fleas of dogs also tolerate worm eggs.Askarid eggs enter the body through poorly washed vegetables, fruits, berries, greens, dirty hands, and are also spread to flies.And incorrectly cooked barbecue or homemade lard is the path of infection with trichinellosis;Badly salty fish, caviar - opisthorchiasis and wide tape.

So, there are several ways to enter the body:

• alimentary (through infected food, water, dirty hands);
• contact-household (through household items, from infected family members, pets);
• through blood -sucking insects;
• Active (in which the larva penetrates through the skin or mucous membranes during contact with infected soil, when bathing in open reservoirs).

Prevention

Here are a few rules that need to be followed in order to prevent the penetration of parasites into the body:

• It is not recommended to drink water from natural sources and in an unfamiliar area.
• You can’t eat unwashed vegetables and fruits.
• It is advisable to beware of mosquitoes, ticks and other blood -sucking insects that can be carriers of parasites.It is necessary to use special means of protection against them, and in places where there are a lot of them, wear trousers and shirts with a long sleeve.
• Before a trip to some countries, it is necessary to vaccinate from typhoid, plague, tropical fever and other infectious diseases.Going to the places where the malaria mosquito is found, you need to take anti -male tablets.Gathering on a long trip, where ticks can be, it is important to vaccinate from tick -borne encephalitis.
• Do not allow children to hug and kiss dogs, cats and other pets.  Take care of the health of pets - take them deworming courses.
• Follow the rules of personal hygiene, maintain the cleanliness of the house.
• Conduct periodic preventive antiparasitic courses to the whole family.

Children and parasitic invasions

The most vulnerable to the effects of parasites are children.They are infected with various types of parasites through dirty hands, sand, soil and water.Sometimes the infection of the child can occur in intrauterine, since the simplest, bacteria, viruses, candida and helminth larvae can penetrate the fetus through the placenta with blood flow, as well as during birth through the birth canal.Due to the expansion of their motor activity, at the age of 1.5-3 years, children can be infected at home, on a walk, in kindergarten when contacting polluted objects (street shoes, floor, toys, common areas), on the street (playing in the sandbox or in the ground), as well as at contacts with animals (vagabonds or homemade on the street).The high probability of invasions by parasites is observed with non -compliance with hygiene rules (unwashed hands, eating unwashed vegetables and fruits, eating raw water from natural ponds and swimming in them).Only eggs of pinworms and dwarf tapeworm are transmitted directly from person to person.Eggs of other helminths for ripening must necessarily enter the body of an intermediate host or a suitable environment - soil or water.At the age of 1.5-3 years, the scale of infection of children with helminths can reach 80%.

More than 90% of all helminthic diseases in children are caused by intestinal nematodes that parasitize in the lumen of the intestines (ascaris, pinworms), nematodes parasitizing in the intestinal wall or other organs (ankylostoma, a non -cicinella, and intestinal uctuma) are less common.In children, subject to elementary hygiene (impropers of raw or thermally insufficiently treated meat or fish, unwashed vegetables and fruits, non -fucked water from natural reservoirs), there are practically no worms (trematodes) and tape helminths (cestodes).

How can a child become infected?

Infection is carried out when egg larvae enter the body.Eggs enter the environment with feces of infected people and animals.They have microscopic dimensions, are very resistant to various influences and can maintain vitality for a long time outside the body (in the soil, on the surface of objects or products, in the folds of linen, on the skin).Once in the child’s oral cavity, worms eggs pass, partially destroying, through the acidic, the aggressive environment of the stomach and activated in the intestines, where the conditions for the development of adults from eggs are most favorable.Preschool and preschool children are especially susceptible to helminthic invasions, since they still have imperfect barriers of the gastrointestinal tract.

Measures for the prevention of helminthiasis in children: to all family members to comply with hygiene rules, try to prevent close contact of the child and his personal belongings with pets; on the street it is important to ensure that the child does not select various objects;prevent contact with animals;It is important to instill in the child personal hygiene skills (wash his hands with soap after the street and visiting the toilet);It is advisable to periodically conduct wet cleaning at home, wash with soap toys, especially in the presence of pets, as well as toys brought from walking to the house;vacuuming carpets, upholstered furniture and upholstered toys;Do not give the child unwashed vegetables and fruits, not sufficiently thermally unprocessed meat and fish, raw water from natural reservoirs.

Signs of helminthic invasion in children

Most often, a child has to guess about the helminthic invasion by indirect signs.The probability of helminthic invasion is very high if the child has such symptoms such as: salivation, nausea, decreased appetite or pathological increased, cramping pains around the navel or without certain localization, appearing regardless of food intake, stool disorder (diarrhea, constipation), frequent tidimony or dizziness, pallor and pallor, pallor and paleSineva under the eyes, increased excitability of the child in the evening, causeless whims, poor falling asleep and poor night sleep, accompanied by screaming, awakening, "fidgeting", grinding tooths, itching in the perineum.Often parasites lead to allergicization of the body, skin reactions appear in the form of atopic dermatitis (as a rule, it is stubborn, which is difficult to symptomatic therapy).If worms are found in a child or in one of the family members, it is necessary to treat the whole family in order to avoid the formation of the focus of infection.In this situation, it is important to strengthen hygienic measures, in particular, boil and iron on both sides bedding and personal underwear.